Yang et al. [206] showed that circRNA_0000950, via its actions as a sponge for miR-103, increases the levels of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, whilst also suppressing neurite outgrowth and promoting neuronal apoptosis in cellular AD models. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.