The STZ-induced diabetes animals had impaired bone quality (indicated by lower bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), cortical thickness (Cor.Th), calcium level, and BMD), lower compressive strength, decreased osteogenic markers (including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OCN, type 1 collagen (COL1), osterix (OSX), and distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5)), as well as increased osteoclastogenic markers (such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)) [36,37,38,39]. This evidence concerns the gene DLX5 and diabetes mellitus.