In an in vitro study using BECs, IL-1β was able to induce a decreased expression of E-cadherin, associated with an increased expression of some ECM component such as tenascin C; these effects were enhanced when the cells were co-stimulated with both TGF-β and IL-1β, further supporting the concept that the inflammatory context is crucially involved in the EMT process in asthma [99]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and asthma.