MAPK14 and Nephropathy: When certain pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), are activated, this induces endothelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy and fibrosis, which cause histological and functional kidney disorders and, ultimately, kidney damage [44].