The growth and proliferation of cholesteatoma are closely linked to the upregulation of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and its receptors [17,18,19], and cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) [20]. The gene discussed is EGF; the disease is cholesteatoma.