TGFB1 and cardiac hypertrophy: At baseline, the mice with a constitutive expression of the TGF-β1 transgene exhibited cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by a higher mean biventricular heart weight (vHW) to body weight (BW) ratio (vHW/BW)(+28.6%, p < 10−4) and cardiomyocyte diameter (+24.2%, p < 10−4) compared to the WT strain (Table 1 and Figure 1A–C).