Increased levels of mtDNA have been reported in patients with COVID-19 [153,154,155,156], psoriasis [157], as well as in EVs from patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) [158] and from children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and in both cases, mtDNA activated cultured human microglia to secrete IL-1β [159]. Here, IL1B is linked to myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.