Our recent study on female patients with IC/BPS revealed that IC/BPS patients had significantly higher urinary MCP-1, eotaxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, PGE2, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-isoprostane levels than the controls [23]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.