The anti-inflammatory action of the aqueous extract of P. lentiscus leaves used in experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis is attributed to (i) the cellular level by inhibiting immune cell activation and recruitment, (ii) the membrane level by blocking proinflammatory cytokine receptors, or (iii) the intracellular level by reducing NF-κB expression and (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase) iNOS and the production of proinflammatory cytokines [86]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and colitis.