(8) Itaconate axis: In the murine PF model, aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) decarboxylates cis-aconitate to itaconate, and itaconate suppresses fibroblast proliferation and profibrotic activity, thereby limiting the severity of PF (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene ACOD1 and pemphigus foliaceus.