TNF and endothelial dysfunction: Additionally, compared to the atherogenic diet alone, significant reductions in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were shown by 62% higher endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) levels and 57% higher nitric oxide serum concentration, as well as gene expression changes in tumor necrosis factor (TNF, 94% reduction) and angiotensin II (79% reduction) [93].