INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: They present with decreased insulin concentrations and autoimmune markers of T1DM, such as islet cells, insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies, at similar concentrations as those with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS); however, their β-cell function recovers and insulin secretion is restored soon after treatment [8].