Interestingly, the combination of L-pampoTM with the PD-L1 Ab group synergistically increased antigen-specific T-cell responses compared to PBS, OVA-only, PD-L1 Ab, and L-pampoTM groups (Figure 5B), suggesting that L-pampoTM cancer vaccine and its combination with ICIs can bolster CD8+ T-cell responses that are critical for tumor treatment. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.