There was a notable increase in the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules in mice injected with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells stably transfected with miR-497 inhibitors, whereas metastatic nodules were reduced on the surface of lungs in mice injected with SMURF2-silenced or HIF2α-silenced cancer cells [91]. This evidence concerns the gene SMURF2 and cancer.