TNF and breast cancer: Fasting/FMD cycles also could enhance the immune response of anticancer therapies by promoting tumor vessel normalization and a reduction in size, number, and density by repressing the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGF, factor VIII, inter- leukin-6 [IL-6], TNF-α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI- 1] in breast cancer [257,265,266,304].