ATP5IF1 and cancer: Indeed, the overexpression of IF1 in several cancer cells [74,75,77,78,85], mouse models of gain of function of IF1 [79,80,81,82,84,89] and pharmacologic in vivo approaches [76], amply demonstrated that IF1 overexpression inhibits the ATP synthetic activity of ATP synthase in isolated mitochondria, diminished tissue ATP levels, activated AMPK and promoted the metabolic rewiring of cells and tissues to an enhanced glycolytic phenotype, i.e., induced the Warburg phenotype.