VEGFA and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: Research is ongoing for the establishment of a therapy protocol for large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) with recent advancements in the identification of newer therapy targets, such as the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which stimulates immunity towards cancer [196], mutations in the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), Phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), mTOR, VEGF and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) have been made; however, the upfront adoption of targeted therapy is still controversial, due to the limited available data on the efficacy [197].