While malaria parasite growth and development within RBCs and immune pressure cause hemolysis of RBCs, resulting in low Hb and anemia in malaria cases [34,35,36,37], low Hb in HIV is caused by bone marrow suppression [38], suppression of erythropoietin [39], and direct effects leading to RBC loss [40]. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).