Based on the published results, we built a national consensus statement with the aim of: (1) critically analyzing and describing the best evidence available of the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as monotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC; and (2) collecting evidence and experts’ opinions regarding the efficacy and safety of these drugs in several patient subgroups of clinical interest. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.