In the liver, TNF-α not only affects the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and acute-phase proteins, but it may also lead to an increase in insulin resistance by the phosphorylation of insulin receptors, as well as to anemia, through the induction of hepcidin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [22,25,26]. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and inflammatory bowel disease.