TNF and endothelial dysfunction: The normalization of fibrinogen and thrombocytosis and the reduction of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, by TNF-α inhibitors may reduce the relevant risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic inflammatory disease and increased cardiovascular risk, such as in RA [25,45,52,53,54].