According to Liu et al., perioperative CHO drink administration was also safe for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) undergoing cesarean delivery [43], although the levels of blood glucose and serum insulin right before induction of anesthesia were significantly higher in the CHO group than those in the control group, hunger scores were lower and no aspiration, nausea, or vomiting occurred in either group before, during, and after surgery. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.