Net Reclassification Improvement analysis demonstrated that the predictive accuracy of the model that includes GDF-15 (comprised of the variables: age, COPD, ln (GDF-15), GLS, infarct LGE and myocardial ECV) was significantly higher than the model not considering GDF-15 (comprised of the variables: age, diabetes, COPD, ln (NT-proBNP), GLS, infarct LGE and myocardial ECV) (continuous Net Reclassification Improvement 0.26; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.39; online supplemental table 3). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.