CASP3 and cancer: Bio-mediated AgNPs are also proposed to trigger apoptosis via various mechanisms, such as sub-G1 phase cell cycle arrest, dependent pathways for mitochondrial and caspases, caspase-3 and p53 protein stimulation, VEGF activities, ROS production and cellular equilibrium disruption, the pH-dependent liberation of Ag0, and the targeted killing of cancer cells [90].