TNF and hepatitis C virus infection: Furthermore, disease pathways such as influenza A, Hepatitis C, COVID-19, Measles, Legionellosis, Epstein–Barr virus infection and Herpes simplex virus 1 infection-including Toll-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor, TNF, Jak-STAT, or NF-kappa B signaling pathways were also significant with positive NESs.