MAPK3 and Renal insufficiency: HN is a disease of chronic renal damage induced by HUA due to abnormal UA metabolism.[124] Its main feature is that UA is deposited in the kidney tissue, resulting in glomerular and renal tubule damage, leading to renal insufficiency.[125] The pathogenesis of HN involves multiple signal pathways, including NLR inflammatory body signal pathway, ERK1/2 signal pathway, NF-κB signal pathway, TLR signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, PhoA/ROCK, and PI3K/Akt signal pathway.