TNF and cancer: The main pathways were as follows: human cytomegalovirus infection, cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Salmonella infection, advanced glycation end products (AGE)–RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TLR signaling pathway, influenza A, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, and Chagas disease.