IGF1 and diabetes mellitus: It has also been reported that in response to increased β-cell death in induced murine models of diabetes (STZ alone or in combination with a high fat diet) and in a genetic mouse model of T2D, islet macrophages exhibited increased expression levels of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), concomitant with decreased expression of IL-6 and TNF, a profile that is associated with a reparative phenotype (77).