LIPH and newborn respiratory distress syndrome: Although the conventional view of surfactant function has been criticised for many years (Bangham, 1992; Hills, 1999; Dorrington and Young, 2001; Ninham et al., 2017b) the success of pulmonary surfactant treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants has often been interpreted as fully verifying the ‘one-sided bubble model’ of the aqueous hypophase/lower phase of the biphased pulmonary surfactant (AH) of the alveolar surface (Hills, 1999).