Studying the role of the podocyte in FSGS, specifically the innate immune response, with its expression of TLR’s, inflammasome components, sphingolipids (SMPDL3b) and cGAS-STING and the adaptive immune response, including co-stimulatory molecules (B7-1/CD80, but not B7-2/CD86), may provide important insights into novel immune mechanisms. Here, CD80 is linked to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.