Downstream targets of FGF (Stat1, 3, 5, Foxo1, Etv4), GDNF (Bcl6b, Egr2, Egr3) and IGF (Igf1, Trp53, Casp8) signalling were increased in tumours, indicating pathway activation (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene FOXO1 and neoplasm.