PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Several existing studies (Liu G. et al., 2021) (Wan et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2021; Zheng et al., 2022) have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of these PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC from the perspective of Chinese payers.