Fifth, due to the lack of corresponding head-to-head trials, we could not directly evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the CCT regimen vs. other PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy, recommended by the Guidelines of CSCO for NSCLC (Guidelines Working Committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, 2022) as potential first-line regimens for patients with advanced NSCLC, like pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.