According to the recommendations of Guidelines of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) for NSCLC (2022 edition) (Guidelines Working Committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, 2022), immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) has been shown to significantly improve the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC in recent years. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.