OSBPL3 and HIV-1 infection: Altogether, hyperphosphorylation of ORP3 which occurs during CD4+ T cell activation could promote its interaction with VAP-A and, in conjunction with HIV-1 infection, stimulate late endosome-associated Rab7 binding in the perinuclear region, leading to the formation of type II NEIs, and eventually the nuclear transfer of viral components (Fig. 8k).