Altogether, hyperphosphorylation of ORP3 which occurs during CD4+ T cell activation could promote its interaction with VAP-A and, in conjunction with HIV-1 infection, stimulate late endosome-associated Rab7 binding in the perinuclear region, leading to the formation of type II NEIs, and eventually the nuclear transfer of viral components (Fig. 8k). Here, CD4 is linked to HIV-1 infection.