INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We have previously reported, in large-scale epidemiological studies, that avocado intake is associated with lower glucose concentrations over an approximately three month period [assessed by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)], lower fasting glucose, and improved insulin homeostasis following an oral glucose challenge [3], as well as lower rates of incident T2D [4], similar to results found in avocado feeding studies [5,6].