TNF and Parkinson disease: In parallel, TLR4, TBK1, NF-κB p65, and TNF-α protein expressions were significantly raised in PD mice colon (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, vs. Normal); and TLR4, TBK1, NF- κB p65, and TNF-α expression exhibited a significant reduction in the colon after CDG treatment (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, vs. MPTP; Fig. 7B and G–J) The above results indicated that CDG might regulate gut microbiota and reduce the inflammation level by reducing the pathway of TLR4/NF-κB.