TNF and cancer: In particular, the effects of hormones, chemokines/growth factors, and adipokines secreted by adipocytes (including estrogens, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, oncostatin-M, lipocalin-2, IL6, IL1b, TNFα, HGF, ECM-degrading proteases) on the cancer epithelial component have been studied (reviewed in [10, 11] and summarized in Fig. 7).