HIF1A and cancer: Hypoxia in itself is a major driver of metabolic adaptation, as it induces the activation of the HIF-1 (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1) transcriptional complex [12] that regulates the expression of genes involved in neo-angiogenesis of the tumor, metabolic reprogramming, redox homeostasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell specification, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM).