Interestingly, IL-6/STAT3 pro-survival signaling appears to be important for the survival of cancer cells with CIN, as inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R signaling by the IL-6R inhibitor tocilizumab decreased proliferation and/or increased cell death of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer cell lines in vitro as well as in vivo. Here, IL6 is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.