IFNA1 and cancer: Additionally, acute type I IFN expression drives the expression of ISGs that exert cytotoxic, antiviral effects, whereas chronic or consecutive IFN expression drives the expression of a subset of ISGs, defined as the IFN-related DNA damage resistance signature (IRDS) and whose expression correlates with resistance of cancer cells to DNA-damaging cancer therapy, extensively reviewed in (Cheon et al. 2023).