VEGFA and atherosclerosis: Each counteracts atherosclerosis, CHD, and other adverse cardiovascular conditions.50 FLT1 downregulates VEGFA signaling by limiting the availability of free VEGF-A and preventing it from binding to kinase insert domain receptor (KDR/Flk1).51 By binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, VEGF-A regulates angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammation.