However, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (18), grayscale changes in plaques did not predict future atherosclerotic CVD events, so we and other investigators extracted texture features from plaque-free segments of the common carotid artery (CCA) wall and demonstrated that grayscale texture features and measures of echolucency are associated with several traditional and inflammatory CVD risk factors (e.g., hypertension, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen) and predict adverse CVD events (1, 6, 7, 19). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and diabetes mellitus.