After hyperoxia stimulation, the amount of cell death in the lung tissue of neonatal mice in the BPD group increased significantly at P5 and P7, as well as NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-18, Pro-IL-1β, and IL-1β, which are markers of cell pyrolysis and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, CASP1 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.