The results of fluorescence staining showed that the expression levels of NLRP3 (P < 0.0001) and Caspase-1 (P < 0.0001) in lung tissue of neonatal mice at P5 in the BPD + TBHQ group decreased, while the mean fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 (P < 0.001) and Caspase-1 (P < 0.05) in the BPD + Nrf2−/− group increased (Fig. 6g–j). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.