TSC1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Genetic activation of the mTORC1 pathway was also reported to be associated with SLE, as lupus-like pathology was observed in patients suffering from tuberous sclerosis, in which mutations in the genes encoding hamartin (TSC1) or tuberin (TSC2) form the TSC complex which functions as inhibitor of mTORC1 activation [12–14].