CGAS and inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder: Interestingly, mutations in ATAD3A, which encodes ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3A, were reported to upregulate interferon-stimulated genes in patients with mitochondrial disease, a process mediated by enhanced activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) [53].