A past study reported that Ly6Chi monocytes can be differentiated into CX3CR1intLy6Chi cells, which activated the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) signal cascade components in both T cell transfer and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis models, reacted with bacterial products, and led to the secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-23, thus promoting colitis [28]. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is colitis.