Furthermore, ETBF promoted CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by downregulating miR-149-3p expression (Cao et al., 2021b); pks+ E. coli (on the other hand) up-regulated miR-20a-5p expression to promote tumor growth (Iftekhar et al., 2021). Here, ARAF is linked to colorectal carcinoma.