VEGFA and cancer: Figure 2A showed the top 10 highest degree connection factors, namely, IL-8, VEGF, MIP-1α GROβ, CD40L, G-CSF, PD-L1, EGF, IL-3, and IL-33. VEGF appears to be the upstream protein that can affect all other proteins, whereas IL-8, G-CSF, and IL-33 are the downstream proteins affected by others in the PPI network (Figure 2A). KEGG analysis identified PI3K-Akt, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, cancer, Ras, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK, Jak/STAT, glioma, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer as significantly enriched pathways (Figure 2B).