Importantly, the combination of anti-TIM-3 therapy and V-scVLPs rescued the exhausted CD8+T cell antitumor functions in a therapeutic setting, while reduced the Tregs population and improved the established intrahepatic tumor immune microenvironment to effectively suppress tumor growth, liver cancer lung metastasis, recurrence after hepatectomy, then prolonged animal survival. Here, HAVCR2 is linked to liver cancer.