Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), the first FDA-approved OV that was a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-armed herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), could effectively reduce the tumor burden in both injected and non-injected melanoma lesions 10-13. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.