Because FYGL is a macromolecular proteoglycan, it has multiple diabetes related-targets, such as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, a receptor of insulin resistance [31]), α-glucosidase [36] and amylin [75] through π-π stacking between aromatic groups in proteins as well as hydrogen bonding between protein and saccharide. Here, PTPN1 is linked to Insulin resistance.