The results suggested that 29 out of 34 ICD-related genes showed significant differences between normal and malignant samples, where certain genes, for example CALR and PDIA3, displayed higher expression, while others (such as IFNGR1, P2RX7, NLRP3 and TLR4) displayed lower expression in tumor samples (Fig. 2A). Here, TLR4 is linked to neoplasm.