TGFB1 and neoplasm: Rather, macrophages can be broadly categorized into two subsets: M-1like macrophages that release cytokines such as IL-12 and are responsible for T-cell activation and tumor elimination; and M2-like macrophages that release immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, and are involved in tissue repair and tumor growth [26, 27].