For example, SP1 is involved in promoter and cell cycle regulation [37]; overexpression of USF2 leads to urinary protein in non-diabetic mice and induces the development of diabetes [37]; loss of GLIS2 function causes cystic nephropathy characterized by renal atrophy, renal occlusion, inflammation and fibrosis [38], and GLIS2 deficiency is also associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. This evidence concerns the gene SP1 and diabetes mellitus.