TNFRSF1B and viral infectious disease: Although TNFα expression is considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine commonly observed in early virus infection in which NK cells are highly activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines [15, 16, 18], the immunomodulatory nature of TNFα’s effect on NK cells in the context of TNFR1 and TNFR2 during virus infection remains largely elusive.